abstract：:Neonatal and adult rats (1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks of age) were given five daily oral doses of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) (0, 10, 100, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) and histological changes in the testes were examined 24 hr after the last dose. Relative testis weights were reduced at doses of 1000 mg/kg in 1, 2, 3, and 6-we...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dostal LA,Chapin RE,Stefanski SA,Harris MW,Schwetz BA

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) in the nephrotoxicity of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) was studied using male Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with AT-125 (Acivicin; L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid). Inhibition of gamma-GTP by more than 95% did not affect u...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present studies were designed to evaluate the role that metabolic activation plays in allylamine (AAM)-induced vascular toxicity. The effects of AAM were evaluated in primary cultures of rat vascular endothelial (VEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Semicarbazide (SC) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were used as i...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ramos K,Grossman SL,Cox LR

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the chemosterilant 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) on the rat testis. Adult male rats were fed control, or 0.1%, or 0.2% DNT for 3 weeks. An ultrastructural study of the testes was performed, serum was assayed for testosterone and gonadotropins, and sperm reserve co...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bloch E,Gondos B,Gatz M,Varma SK,Thysen B

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Wistar rats pretreated with ethanol (2.0 g in 80 ml liquid diet/day for 3 weeks) or phenobarbital (PB, 80 mg/kg/day ip for 4 days) were exposed by inhalation to 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, or 8000 ppm trichloroethylene (TRI) for 2 or 8 hr, and the blood concentration of TRI and the urinary concentration of TRI metabol...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nakajima T,Okino T,Okuyama S,Kaneko T,Yonekura I,Sato A

更新日期：1988-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Although piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is commonly used both in vivo and in vitro as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activity in a wide variety of species, the effect of PBO on the hepatic MO of fishes has never been characterized. The MO activity in hepatic microsomes from rainbow trout expos...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Erickson DA,Goodrich MS,Lech JJ

更新日期：1988-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene is a potent hematotoxin and has been shown to cause leukemia in man. Chronic toxicity studies indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more susceptible than F334/N rats to benzene toxicity. The purpose of the studies presented in this paper was to determine if there were metabolic differences between F344/N rats and B6C3...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sabourin PJ,Bechtold WE,Birnbaum LS,Lucier G,Henderson RF

更新日期：1988-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Morphine has been shown to reduce renal and hepatic clearance of several xenobiotics in rodents. After iv administration of gentamicin, 10 to 30 mg/kg, its plasma levels were elevated in mice given morphine, 20 mg/kg sc. Plasma clearance of gentamicin was nearly halved by morphine, due primarily to lowering of the eli...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hurwitz A,Garty M,Ben-Zvi Z

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids such as monocrotaline (MCT) are toxic plant constituents which poison livestock and humans. Low doses of MCT given to rats result in cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic sequelae similar to forms of chronic pulmonary hypertension in man. This provides a useful model of human disease. The toxicology...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Roth RA,Ganey PE

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical and experimental studies suggest an association between low-level lead exposure and hypertension. This association was investigated in six 3-month-old dogs who were randomly paired with their littermates. The daily oral dose of lead acetate was 1.0 mg Pb/kg body wt for 5 months; the controls received equimola...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fine BP,Vetrano T,Skurnick J,Ty A

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of the cytochrome P450 inducer beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) on NO2 toxicity were studied in two strains of mice. In one strain (C57B1/6J), cytochrome P450 could be induced by the aromatic hydrocarbon, while in the other strain (DBA/2J) cytochrome P450 was not inducible by this compound. Mice were treated with...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Azoulay-Dupuis E,Mansour H,Moreau J,Lachia L

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH), the active ingredient of the insecticide lindane, has been shown to be a seizure-inducing agent in mammals. gamma-HCH and two non-convulsant isomers of HCH (alpha and delta) were compared as to their CNS-related pharmacological and biochemical effects. gamma-HCH was a potent se...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fishman BE,Gianutsos G

更新日期：1988-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant which has been reported to be nontoxic following acute exposure but has recently been shown to accumulate upon repeated exposure. To determine if this accumulation results in toxic effects, male Fischer 344 rats were treated with 50 micrograms/k...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Couture LA,Elwell MR,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1988-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary fibrosis is a consequence of severe injury from some toxic agents including high doses of ozone. It is not known, however, whether chronic exposure to low doses of ozone, such as those encountered in polluted ambient atmospheres, could also result in abnormal accumulations of lung collagen. Rats were exposed...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wright ES,Kehrer JP,White DM,Smiler KL

更新日期：1988-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The comparative antiestrogenic effects of progesterone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on cytosolic and nuclear estrogen (ERc and ERn, respectively) and progesterone (PRc and PRn, respectively) receptor levels were determined in female Long Evans rats. Estradiol treatment typically increases ER and PR l...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Romkes M,Safe S

更新日期：1988-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to visualize the distribution of HI-6 in the rat after iv administration, autoradiographic experiments were carried out with [14C]HI-6, labeled at the carbon of the carboxamide moiety. Autoradiography clearly confirms penetration of HI-6 into the central nervous system. Considerable radioactivity was found in...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ligtenstein DA,Moes GW,Kossen SP

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute exposure to Cd produces liver injury, whereas chronic exposure results in kidney injury. Tolerance to the hepatotoxicity is observed during chronic exposure to Cd due to the induction of metallothionein (MT). The nephrotoxicity produced by chronic Cd exposure purportedly results from renal uptake of Cd-metalloth...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sendelbach LE,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes were exposed to 400 ppm perchloroethylene (PER) by inhalation, 6 hr/day for 14, 21, or 28 days or to 200 ppm for 28 days. Increased numbers of peroxisomes were seen under the electron microscope and increased peroxisomal cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidation was mea...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Odum J,Green T,Foster JR,Hext PM

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinogenicity prediction and battery selection method was used to predict the probability of carcinogenicity of methyl isocyanate (MIC) based upon the results of short-term tests. The analysis predicts that MIC has a significant potential for inducing cancer in rodents. However, the pattern of response suggests ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ennever FK,Rosenkranz HS

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selectively deuterated and methylated analogs of the nematocide 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) were compared to DBCP in causing acute renal damage in rats. All of the six deuterated analogs tested at 340 mumol/kg, including the perdeutero compound, failed to significantly alter the kidney necrosis observed at 48 h...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Omichinski JG,Brunborg G,Søderlund EJ,Dahl JE,Bausano JA,Holme JA,Nelson SD,Dybing E

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (TMP), a component of unleaded gasoline, causes nephrotoxicity in male, but not in female, rats. In the present study, male and female Fischer 344 rats were treated with a single oral dose of [14C]TMP (4.4 mmol/kg; 2 microCi/mmol). Radiolabeled material in kidney, liver, and plasma was determine...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charbonneau M,Lock EA,Strasser J,Cox MG,Turner MJ,Bus JS

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p,p'-DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane; 75 mg/kg) or corn oil was administered po to male Fischer 344N rats. Tremor was quantified 8 hr later by spectral analysis of whole body movements. The effect of sc injection of pharmacological challenges on the spectral profile of body movements was determined....

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Herr DW,Tilson HA

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gold compounds are used clinically in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Acute renal toxicity is observed in some patients receiving chrysotherapy. The present study addresses morphofunctional and biochemical changes in rat kidneys during the first 8 days following a single ip injection of gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM), on...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Eiseman JL,Ribas JL,Knight E,Alvares AP

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies were conducted to assess the in vitro toxicity of three chloropropanones: monochloropropanone (MCP), 1,1-dichloropropanone (1,1-DCP), and 1,3-dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP). Chloropropanones reacted directly with reduced glutathione (GSH) in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. All chloropropanones were cytotoxic t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Merrick BA,Smallwood CL,Meier JR,McKean DL,Kaylor WH,Condie LW

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dantrolene is an effective antagonist of anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia due to a poorly understood action on skeletal muscle. The present study examines whether the red blood cell can be used as a model to investigate the mechanism of dantrolene action. Halothane (4.7 mM) caused 9% hemolysis of red blood ce...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fletcher JE,Kistler P,Rosenberg H,Michaux K

更新日期：1987-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been proposed [J. D. McKinney, J. Fawkes, S. Jordan, K. Chae, S. Oatley, R. E. Coleman, and W. Briner (1985). Environ. Health Perspect. 61, 41-53] that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produces toxic responses through persistent occupancy of nuclear thyroxine (T4) receptors, and that maintenance of re...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Osborne R,Dold KM,Greenlee WF

更新日期：1987-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), a highly toxic environmental contaminant which accumulates in human tissues, was examined in the male Fischer rat after iv and oral exposure. Greater than 70% of an oral dose of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mumol PeCDF/kg body wt was absorbed by the gastrointestinal sy...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brewster DW,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1987-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined interactions in rats between NO2 gas and respirable aerosols of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl). Rats were exposed for 1, 3, or 7 days to 5 ppm of NO2 gas, alone or in combination with 1 mg/m3 of H2SO4 or NaCl aerosols. The apparent rate of collagen synthesis by lung minces was measured aft...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Last JA,Warren DL

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The acute manifestations of experimental bleomycin- and hyperoxia-induced lung damage were examined. Hamsters were treated with 5 U/kg bleomycin intratracheally followed by exposure to 80% oxygen (O2). As little as 12 hr of O2 exposure potentiated the bleomycin injury; however, the onset of mortality was 72 hr after t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goad ME,Tryka AF,Witschi HP

更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knowledge of ozone (O3) uptake in rats in integral to efforts to quantitatively extrapolate animal data to man. We have measured percentage O3 uptake in 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed, nose only, for 1 hr to 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 ppm O3. Tidal volume and breathing rate measurements, obtained by plethysmography, were ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wiester MJ,Williams TB,King ME,Ménache MG,Miller FJ

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), a volatile monomer occurring in the natural environment and used in the manufacture of elastomers, is a close chemical relative of the animal carcinogen 1,3-butadiene. To obtain toxicokinetic data for inhaled isoprene, male F344 rats were exposed in groups of 30 to 14C-labeled isopre...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dahl AR,Birnbaum LS,Bond JA,Gervasi PG,Henderson RF

更新日期：1987-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of 14C-labeled clodronate (dichloromethylene bisphosphonate), a new bisphosphonate for the treatment of osteolytic bone metastases and hypercalcemia, was studied in mice by whole-body autoradiography and by measuring the 14C activities in various tissues [14C]Clodronate was administered into the tail ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mönkkönen J,Ylitalo P,Elo HA,Airaksinen MM

更新日期：1987-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental design to simulate PUVA therapy (oral 8-methoxypsoralen followed by uv radiation) has been tested in a 13-week subchronic study to determine the relative toxicities of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), 5-methylisopsoralen (5-MIP), and 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CEP) in inbred hairless ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dunnick JK,Forbes PD,Davies RE,Iverson WO

更新日期：1987-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on the observation that congenic haired and hairless mice differ in the hyperkeratinizing/hyperproliferative epidermal response following topical exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo, it has been proposed that this response in mice segregates with the Ah locus (which controls for the Ah...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Puhvel SM,Sakamoto M

更新日期：1987-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of maternal selenium deficiency on methyl mercury fetotoxicity was examined in the ICR strain of mice. Pregnant mice were fed either selenium-deficient diets based on torula yeast or selenium-supplemented diets which were identical to the former except that 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of selenium per kilogram of di...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nishikido N,Furuyashiki K,Naganuma A,Suzuki T,Imura N

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of KCN on cytosolic Ca2+ levels was measured in PC12 cells using Quin II/AM, a fluorometric calcium indicator. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, 115.0 +/- 4.9 nm, increased gradually and steadily over a 30-min time period following addition of 10(-4), 10(-3), or 10(-2)M KCN to the cells. After 15 mi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Johnson JD,Conroy WG,Isom GE

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterize the induction of metallothionein (MT) by steroids in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Comparison of the characteristics of MT induction by a steroid (dexamethasone) to that by metals (Zn and Cd), examination of the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the steroid ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bracken WM,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1987-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by urethane (ethyl carbamate) was characterized. Male CF-1 mice were treated with urethane (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 g/kg; ip) and 18 hr later hepatic MT concentrations were determined with the Cd-hemoglobin radioassay. Urethane (1 g/kg and higher) significantly increased hepat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brzeznicka EA,Lehman LD,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1987-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the addition of methyl groups at the 3 and 4 positions of the 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) molecule results both in more rapid pyrrole formation and in enhanced neurotoxicity. In order to define more clearly the relationship between rates of pyrrole formation an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Genter MB,Szakál-Quin G,Anderson CW,Anthony DC,Graham DG

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotoxicity of the dl and meso diastereomers of the gamma-diketone 3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione (DMHD) was studied to determine if the difference in rates of pyrrole derivatization would influence the clinical and morphological appearance of the neuropathy associated with these gamma-diketones. Two groups of rat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Rosenberg CK,Genter MB,Szakál-Quin G,Anthony DC,Graham DG

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00